Grosse Ile Township is a civil township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township encompasses several islands in the Detroit River, of which the largest is named as Grosse Ile. Named by French explorers in 1679, Grosse Île means “Big Island”. Later taken under British rule after 1763, the island was not settled by European Americans until after the United States achieved independence in the American Revolutionary War.
The population was 10,371 at the 2010 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 18.3 square miles , of which 9.6 square miles is land and 8.7 square miles , or 47.4%, is water.
Grosse Ile is the largest island on the Detroit River. The township of Grosse Ile is composed of twelve islands, although the community is most often identified with the main island (which residents simply refer to as “The Island”). Grosse Ile’s main island is technically composed of two islands.
The Potawatomi occupied areas of the island, which they called Kitcheminishen, and areas in this region for a long period prior to European encounter. They were one of the tribes in the Council of Three Fires.
The flags of three nations—France, England, and the United States—have flown over Detroit and Grosse Ile since the first French explorers visited the island during the late 17th century. The early French explorers named the island as la grosse île—the “big island” in French. Father Louis Hennepin, a Catholic priest and missionary, accompanied fellow French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679 on the ship Le Griffon in exploring the Great Lakes. The Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church on Grosse Ile says that Father Hennepin came ashore and said mass at a location on the east shore of the island near the present site of St. Anne’s Chapel. No record exists of this event, but Father Hennepin wrote in his journals about the fruit orchards and wild animals on Grosse Ile, showing he was here. The north end of Grosse Ile is named Hennepin Point in his honor.
French explorer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and his convoy of 25 canoes sailed down the Detroit River and camped on the shore of Grosse Ile during the evening of July 23, 1701. On the morning of July 24, Cadillac returned upriver and landed ashore, where he claimed French possession of the territory under the authority of King Louis XIV. This site is in present-day Detroit, near the present intersection of West Jefferson and Shelby streets.
Grosse Ile maintained its own name and identity as a community through the 18th century. The British established control of the island and present-day Michigan in 1763 after their victory in the French and Indian War. They anglicized the spelling to “Grosse Isle”.
Although the Potawatomi, like most Native Americans, did not have the same sense of property ownership as did Europeans and Americans, they considered the island to be part of their ancestral lands. On July 6, 1776, they deeded the island to brothers Alexander and William Macomb, brothers from Albany who had become leading fur traders and merchants in Detroit, partly from selling supplies to the British at Fort Detroit and the local Indian Department. They were so successful that they added a partner for their Detroit trade.
(Alexander Macomb later returned to New York, settling in New York City. He became wealthy from land speculation in southern states. He lost his fortune after buying nearly 4 million acres of land in upstate New York in the postwar period and not being able to resell it rapidly enough.)
The Macomb brothers likely believed that by purchasing this deed through the transfer of items of value, they had obtained full ownership rights. They are considered to be the founders of the European-American community on the island and the first legal owners of Grosse Ile.
Grosse Ile has good views of commercial shipping and pleasure boat traffic on the Detroit River. Lake freighters and oceangoing ships traveling to destinations around the Great Lakes regularly pass near the east side of the island, where the main channel of the Detroit River separates Grosse Ile from Ontario, Canada.
While the shoreline areas of Grosse Ile feature the majority of historically significant places and structures, approximately a dozen 1920s-era homes in the Jewell Colony subdivision, located in the middle of the island, are listed on the Michigan Register of Historic Places. Jewell Colony was the first planned subdivision on the island.
Grosse Ile is a community of about 10,371 residents. Money magazine ranked Grosse Ile as one of the “Top 100 Best Places to Live” in 2009.